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a portrait in charcoal

  • 1 charcoal

    A n
    1 ( fuel) charbon m de bois ;
    2 Art fusain m ; a stick of charcoal un morceau de fusain ;
    3 ( colour) gris m anthracite.
    B ⇒ Colours adj ( colour) ( also charcoal grey) (gris) anthracite inv.
    C modif [drawing, portrait] au fusain ; [filter] à charbon ; charcoal test essai m sur le charbon.

    Big English-French dictionary > charcoal

  • 2 carboncillo

    m.
    charcoal.
    * * *
    1 charcoal
    * * *
    * * *
    masculino charcoal
    * * *
    masculino charcoal
    * * *
    charcoal
    dibujo al carboncillo charcoal drawing
    * * *

    carboncillo sustantivo masculino
    charcoal;

    carboncillo sustantivo masculino charcoal

    ' carboncillo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    dibujo
    English:
    charcoal
    - cinder
    * * *
    charcoal;
    un dibujo al carboncillo a charcoal drawing
    * * *
    m charcoal;
    dibujo al carboncillo charcoal drawing
    * * *
    : charcoal

    Spanish-English dictionary > carboncillo

  • 3 carbón

    m.
    1 coal, charcoal.
    2 carbon pencil.
    * * *
    1 (gen) coal
    2 (carboncillo) charcoal
    \
    negro,-a como el carbón as black as coal
    ¡se acabó el carbón! familiar that's that!
    carbón vegetal charcoal
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) coal
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Min) coal

    carbón bituminoso — soft coal, bituminous coal

    carbón menudo — small coal, slack

    2) (Tip) (tb: papel carbón) carbon paper
    3) (Arte) charcoal
    4) (Elec) carbon
    5) (Agr) smut
    * * *
    1) (Min) tb

    carbón mineral or de piedra — coal

    negro como el carbón — as black as coal

    2)
    a) tb

    carbón vegetal or de leña — charcoal

    b) (Art) charcoal
    * * *
    = coal.
    Ex. Any project which assists the use of coal and steel would be eligible.
    ----
    * carbón vegetal = charcoal.
    * cocina a carbón = coal-burning stove.
    * cocina de carbón = coal-burning stove.
    * Comunidad Europea del Carbón y el Acero (CECA) = European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).
    * de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.
    * fibra de carbón = carbon fibre.
    * industria del carbón = coal industry.
    * mina de carbón = coal mine.
    * negro como el carbón = pitch-black, pitch-dark.
    * yacimiento de carbón = coal field.
    * * *
    1) (Min) tb

    carbón mineral or de piedra — coal

    negro como el carbón — as black as coal

    2)
    a) tb

    carbón vegetal or de leña — charcoal

    b) (Art) charcoal
    * * *
    = coal.

    Ex: Any project which assists the use of coal and steel would be eligible.

    * carbón vegetal = charcoal.
    * cocina a carbón = coal-burning stove.
    * cocina de carbón = coal-burning stove.
    * Comunidad Europea del Carbón y el Acero (CECA) = European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).
    * de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.
    * fibra de carbón = carbon fibre.
    * industria del carbón = coal industry.
    * mina de carbón = coal mine.
    * negro como el carbón = pitch-black, pitch-dark.
    * yacimiento de carbón = coal field.

    * * *
    A ( Min) tb
    carbón mineral or de piedra coal
    negro como el carbón as black as coal, as black as the ace of spades
    B
    1
    tb carbón vegetal or de leña charcoal
    2 ( Art) charcoal
    un retrato al carbón a portrait drawn in charcoal, a charcoal portrait
    3 ( Farm) charcoal
    * * *

     

    carbón sustantivo masculino
    a) ( mineral) coal;

    ◊ negro como el carbón as black as coal


    carbón sustantivo masculino coal
    carbón mineral, coal
    carbón vegetal, charcoal
    ' carbón' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    anhídrido
    - bióxido
    - calco
    - carbonizarse
    - carbono
    - CECA
    - óxido
    - turba
    - apalear
    - brasero
    - calcado
    - carbonilla
    - echar
    - mina
    - monóxido
    - pala
    - papel
    English:
    absorb
    - carbon
    - carbon copy
    - carbon dating
    - carbon dioxide
    - carbon fibre
    - carbon paper
    - charcoal
    - coal
    - Coke
    - colliery
    - convert
    - dioxide
    - pit
    - scuttle
    - stoke
    - throw on
    - coke
    - fire
    - supply
    * * *
    1. [para quemar] coal;
    negro como el carbón [negro] black as coal;
    [bronceado] brown as a berry carbón animal animal charcoal;
    carbón de leña charcoal;
    carbón vegetal charcoal
    2. [para dibujar] charcoal
    * * *
    m coal
    * * *
    1) : coal
    2) : charcoal
    * * *

    Spanish-English dictionary > carbón

  • 4 draw

    I 1. I
    1) rubber draws резина тянется; I like shoes that draw я люблю эластичную обувь; the sails drew паруса надулись
    2) a chimney must draw труба должна тянуть /обладать тягой/: this chimney won't draw в этой трубе нет тяги; the pump is drawing насос [хорошо] качает /работает/
    3) let the tea draw пусть чай настоится; in this jug herbs are drawing в этом кувшине настаиваются травы
    4) the two teams drew команды сыграли вничью; if we draw если у нас будет ничья; play to win, not to draw играй, чтобы выиграть, ничья не нужна; the match has drawn матч окончился с ничейным результатом
    2. II
    1) draw in some manner the cart draws easily эту телегу легко тянуть; the sledge drew slowly санки медленно катились; such a tooth draws easily такой зуб легко удалить /вырвать/; draw somewhere draw near (nearer, close, etc.) приближаться, придвигаться или подходить и т.д..; when he drew near когда он приблизился; draw aside /to one side/ отступать, отодвигаться; отойти в сторону /посторониться/; as time draws near (er) по мере тоге,.как приближается /наступает/ назначенный срок || (as) her time draws near (по мере того, как) приближается ее время /срок/ [рожать]
    2) draw in some manner this chimney draws badly эта труба плохо тянет; this cigar does not draw well эта сигара плохо курится
    3) draw at some time this speaker (such a play, etc.) always draws этот оратор и т.д. всегда собирает большую аудиторию; draw in some manner the play draws /is drawlog/ well эта пьеса делает хорошие сборы
    4) draw in some manner tea draws wen when covered если чай накрыть /укутать/, он хорошо настаивается
    3. III
    1) draw smth. draw a train (a wagon, a cart, etc.) тянуть /тащить/ железнодорожный состав и т.д..: draw a chair (a bench, a table, etc.) пододвигать стул и т.д.., draw the blinds (the curtains) задергивать или открывать шторы (занавеси)
    2) draw smth. draw a rope (a string, a thread, etc.) вытягивать /расправлять/ канат и т.д..; draw a wire а) тянуть проволоку; б) вытягивать проволоку; draw a bow натягивать лук; draw reins (a bridle, a bit, etc.) натягивать вожжи и т.д.
    3) draw smth. draw a cork (a nail, a hook, etc.) вытаскивать пробку и т.д..; draw a tooth выдергивать зуб; draw a pistol (a knife, a sword, etc.) выхватывать /вытаскивать/ пистолет и т.д.
    4) draw smth. draw coal извлекать /добывать/ уголь || draw blood пустить или оттянуть кровь; cups (pultices) draw blood банки (компрессы) оттягивают кровь; leeches draw blood пиявки отсасывают кровь
    5) draw smb., smth. draw a chicken (a duck, the bird, etc.) потрошить курицу и т.д..; draw an abscess вытягивать гной
    6) || draw a (smb.'s) bath налить (для кого-л.) ванну
    7) draw smth. draw one's pay (a salary, supplies, rations, a prize, 5 per cent interest, etc.) получать зарплату и т.д. draw profit извлекать /получать/ прибыль
    8) draw smth. draw lots тянуть жребий: draw a card вытаскивать /вытягивать/ карту [из колоды]; draw a winner (a winning number, etc.) вытащить билет и т.д.., на который пал выигрыш; draw a blank а) вытянуть пустой номер; б) ничего не добиться || draw a prison term coll. получить /заработать, "схлопотать"/ срок [тюремного заключения]
    9) draw smth. draw a deep breath сделать глубокий вдох; he stopped to draw breath он остановился, чтобы перевести дыхание; draw one's last breath умереть, испустить дух; draw one's first breath сделать первый вдох, родиться; draw a sigh вздохнуть
    10) draw smb., smth. draw a crowd (a large audience, etc.) собирать толпу и т.д..; draw a full house делать полный сбор; draw the bees (the butterflies, etc.) привлекать /притягивать/ пчел и т.д.., the bright flower drew her eye яркий цветок привлек ее внимание
    11) draw smth. draw applause (a sigh, tears, etc.) вызывать аплодисменты и т.д..; draw great consequences повлечь за собой серьезные последствия; draw trumps заставить [кого-л.] ходить с козыря; draw the enemy's fire вызывать огонь противника
    12) draw smth. draw tea (herbs) настаивать чай (травы)
    13) draw smth. draw a game сыграть [игру] вничью
    14) || draw so much water naut. иметь определенную осадку; the ship draws ten feet of water этот корабль имеет осадку в десять футов
    4. IV
    draw smth. in some manner
    1) draw a cart heavily с трудом тащить повозку; quickly draw the curtains быстро задернуть занавески
    2) he quickly drew his gun он быстро выхватил пистолет
    3) draw one's pay regularly регулярно получать зарплату
    4) this joke regularly draws applause эта шутка всегда вызывает аплодисменты
    5. V
    || draw smb. a bath налить /приготовить/ кому-л. ванну
    6. VI
    draw smth. to some state
    1) draw a string (a net, a belt, etc.) tighter) затянуть /подтянуть/ веревку и т.д. потуже
    2) draw a well dry выкачивать /осушать/ колодец
    7. XI
    1) be drawn by smb. a carriage was drawn by horses карету тянули /везли/ лошади
    2) be (feel) drawn to smb., smth. I felt (was) drawn to her меня тянуло /я испытывал влечение/ к ней
    3) be drawn the match was drawn матч окончился вничью; the battle was drawn бой не дал перевеса ни той, ни другой стороне
    8. XVI
    1) draw to (into, etc.) smth. draw to the wall отступать /отодвигаться, отходить, пятиться/ [назад] к стене; I want, you to draw closer to the fire я хочу, чтобы вы пододвинулись к камину /подвинулись ближе к огню/; the train draws into the station поезд подходит к перрону /прибывает/; snails draw into their shells улитки прячутся в свои ракушки; draw along smth. a curtain draws freely along the wire занавес легко скользит по проволоке: draw round smth., smb. draw round the table (round the car, round the fire, round the stranger, etc.) собраться вокруг стола и т.д..; draw on smb. draw on those in front (on the other runners, etc.) догонять /настигать/ идущих впереди и т.д..; draw to /towards/ smth. draw to an end /to a close, to conclusion/ подходить к концу; it drew towards night (towards evening) близилась ночь, вечерело, день клонился к вечеру
    2) draw (up)on smth. draw upon one's savings (on one's reserves, on one's capital, etc.) черпать [деньги] из своих сбережений и т.д..; draw on the bank брать деньги из банка; I have по resources to draw on у меня нет средств, на которые можно было бы рассчитывать; draw on the strength of smb.'s friendship черпать силы /находить поддержку/ в чьей-л. дружбе; when 1 was writing the book I drew on my memory (on my imagination, etc.) память и т.д. очень помогла мне в работе над книгой; he drew on his faith вера его укрепляла; in her grief she drew largely on her friends' sympathy сочувствие друзей придавало ей силы, чтобы справиться с горем: draw on smb. draw on him for help (on smb. for money, on one's friends for a loan, etc.) обращаться к нему за помощью и т.д..: он whom shall I draw for advance? кто выдаст мне аванс?
    3) draw for smth., smb. draw for places (for seats, for turns, etc.) решать путем жеребьевки, кому какое место и т.д. достанется; draw for partners тянуть жребий, чтобы определить партнера
    9. XVIII
    || draw into oneself уходить в себя, замыкаться
    10. XXI1
    1) draw smth. to (into, toward, over, etc.) smth. draw one's chair to the table (a table nearer to the window, a sofa toward the fire, etc.) пододвинуть стул к столу и т.д..: draw a curtain over a window задернуть занавеску на окне; draw a veil over one's face закрыть лицо вуалью; draw a hat (a cap) over one's face натянуть /надвинуть, нахлобучить/ шапку (фуражку) на лоб; draw a bed into a room втащить кровать в комнату; draw smth., smb. towards smb. draw smth. towards oneself пододвигать что-л. к себе; he drew her towards himself он привлек ее к себе, он обнял ее
    2) draw smth. from /out of/ smth. draw a purse from /out of/ a pocket вытаскивать кошелек из кармана; draw water from the well набирать воды из колодца; draw beer (wine) from a barrel нацеживать пива (вина) из бочки; draw coal from a mine добывать уголь из шахты
    3) || draw a bath for smb. налить /приготовить/ ванну для кого-л.
    4) draw smth. in smth. draw a prize in a lottery вытянуть счастливый билет в лотерее; draw smth. for smth., smb. draw lots for the game устанавливать путем жеребьевки, кто с кем играет или кто на какой половине поля играет; draw cards for a partner cards снять карту, чтобы определить партнера
    5) draw smth. from smth., smb. draw tears from smb.'s eyes исторгнуть слезы у кого-л.; draw a groan from smb. заставить кого-л. застонать; draw a confession from smb. вырвать у кого-л. признание
    6) draw smth. from /within/ smth., smb. draw a salary from a firm (an income from business, information from the newspaper. inspiration from nature, etc.) получать зарплату в какой-л. фирме и т.д.., she drew consolation from his presence она находила утешение в его присутствии; he drew strength from within himself он в самом себе черпал силы; draw a moral from events извлекать урок из событий; draw smth. on smth. draw a commission on a transaction получить комиссионные за сделку; draw smb. from smth., smb. draw the team from members of the club (members from all ranks of society, etc.) набирать команду из членов клуба и т.д.
    7) draw smth. from smth. draw an inference from his actions сделать соответствующий вывод из его поступков; draw different conclusions from the same facts приходить к различным выводам на основании одних и тех же фактов; draw smth. between smth. draw a comparison (a parallel) between smth. проводить сравнение (параллель) между чем-то и чем-то; you must draw distinctions between these two things между этими двумя вещами нужно делать различие, эти две вещи нужно различать
    8) draw smb. to smth. draw many people to the theatre привлекать массы в театр; draw smb. into smth. draw smb. into a conversation (into a conspiracy, into a conflict, into war, etc.) втягивать /вовлекать/ кого-л. в беседу и т.д. || draw smb.'s attention to smth., smb. (to the beautiful picture, to the shop window, to the strange man, to the pretty girl, etc.) привлекать чье-л. внимание к чему-л., кому-л. и т.д.., обращать чье-л. внимание на что-л., кого-л. и т.д..; draw smb.'s attention away from smth., smb. отвлекать чье-л. внимание от чего-л., кого-л.
    11. XXII
    draw smb. into doing smth. draw him into buying a new car уговорить его купить новый автомобиль; вовлечь его в авантюру с покупкой новой машины; draw the neighbours into helping them привлечь соседей к работе по оказанию им помощи; draw them into plotting against the president втянуть /вовлечь/ их в заговор против президента
    II 1. I
    can you draw? вы умеете рисовать?
    2. II
    draw in some manner draw badly (quickly, cleverly, etc.) хорошо и т.д. чертить или рисовать
    3. III
    1) draw smth. draw a plan (a diagram, a map of the area, etc.) начертить план и т.д..; draw a straight line провести прямую линию; draw smth., smb. draw a picture (a bunch of flowers, a portrait, a girl, etc.) нарисовать картину и т.д..; draw a word portrait дать /нарисовать/ словесный портрет; draw a brilliant picture of life in the country нарисовать яркую картону сельской жизни
    2) draw smth. draw a bill of exchange (a cheque) выписать вексель (чек); draw a sentence составить предложение
    4. XVI
    draw in smth. draw in pencil (in ink, in water-colours, etc.) делать рисунок в карандаше и т.д..; he always draws in charcoal он всегда рисует углем
    5. XXI1
    1) draw smth. between smth. draw a line between two points проводить линию между двумя точками: draw smth., smb. from smth., smb. draw a picture from nature (from a model, etc.) рисовать картину с натуры и т.д. ; draw a character in a novel from life (from observations and experience, etc.) нарисовать образ / создать персонаж/ в романе из жизни и т.д.
    2) draw smth. on smth. draw a cheque (a bill, etc.) on a bank (on his firm, etc.) выписать чек на банк и т.д. || draw a cheque to order выписывать чек на предъявителя

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > draw

  • 5 рисовать

    несовер. - рисовать;
    совер. - нарисовать( кого-л./что-л.)
    1) draw;
    paint( красками) ;
    design, crayon( цветными карандашами) рисовать углем ≈ to charcoal
    2) перен. (представлять себе) picture
    3) перен. (описывать) depict, paint, portray
    рисова|ть -, нарисовать (вн.) draw* (smth.) ;
    (красками) paint (smth.) ;
    перен. portray (smth.) ;
    depict (smth.) ;
    ~ карандашом, пером draw* in pencil, in ink;
    ~ с натуры draw*/paint from life;
    ~ портрет draw*/paint a portrait;
    ~ся несов.
    1. (виднеться) be* outlined/silhouetted;

    2. (дт.;
    представляться) present itself (to) ;

    3. (тв.;
    стараться показать себя с выгодной стороны) show* off (smth.).

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > рисовать

  • 6 szkic

    m (G szkicu) 1. (rysunek) sketch, rough drawing
    - szkic ołówkiem/węglem a pencil/charcoal sketch
    - szkic w glinie a clay sketch
    - szkic aktu a sketch of a nude
    - zrobić kilka szkiców do portretu to make a few sketches for the portrait
    2. (zarys większej pracy) draft
    - odręczny szkic a thumbnail sketch
    - wstępny szkic a rough sketch
    3. (esej) Literat. sketch
    - szkic wspomnieniowy a commemorative sketch
    - jej szkice z podróży po Polsce są fascynującą lekturą her sketches from her trip around Poland make fascinating reading
    * * *
    -u; -e; m
    (plan, projekt) draft; SZTUKA sketch
    * * *
    mi
    1. (literacki, naukowy, publicystyczny) t. sztuka sketch.
    2. (= plan, projekt) draft.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > szkic

  • 7 sketch

    I [sketʃ]
    1) (drawing, draft) schizzo m.; (hasty outline) abbozzo m.
    2) (comic scene) sketch m.
    3) (brief account) profilo m., descrizione f. sommaria

    character sketch of sb. — = ritratto o descrizione sintetica di una persona

    II 1. [sketʃ]
    1) (make drawing of) schizzare; (hastily) abbozzare
    2) (describe briefly) descrivere sommariamente, delineare [ story]
    2.
    verbo intransitivo (as art, hobby) fare schizzi
    * * *
    [ske ] 1. noun
    1) (a rough plan, drawing or painting: He made several sketches before starting the portrait.) schizzo, disegno
    2) (a short (written or spoken) account without many details: The book began with a sketch of the author's life.) profilo
    3) (a short play, dramatic scene etc: a comic sketch.) sketch, scenetta
    2. verb
    1) (to draw, describe, or plan without completing the details.) schizzare, abbozzare
    2) (to make rough drawings, paintings etc: She sketches as a hobby.) fare schizzi
    •
    - sketchily
    - sketchiness
    - sketch-book
    * * *
    [skɛtʃ]
    1. n
    1) (drawing) schizzo, abbozzo, (fig: rough draft: of ideas, plan) abbozzo, schema m, (description) schizzo
    2) Theatre etc, sketch m inv
    2. vt
    (draw) schizzare, abbozzare, (fig: ideas, plan) abbozzare
    •
    * * *
    sketch /skɛtʃ/
    n.
    1 schizzo; disegno; abbozzo; schema: a free-hand sketch, uno schizzo a mano libera; a charcoal sketch, uno schizzo a carboncino; a rough sketch, un primo abbozzo
    2 bozzetto; scenetta ( di teatro di varietà); sketch
    3 breve descrizione; breve e rapida trattazione; profilo: a biographical sketch, un profilo biografico; a thumbnail sketch, una descrizione sommaria
    4 (fam.) tipo ridicolo; macchietta
    ● sketch-block = sketch pad ► sotto □ sketch map, mappa schematica □ sketch pad, album per schizzi; blocco da disegno □ sketch writer, bozzettista; (GB anche) cronista parlamentare □ sketch writing, bozzettistica □ to draw a sketch, buttar giù uno schizzo.
    (to) sketch /skɛtʃ/
    A v. t.
    1 schizzare; disegnare; abbozzare: to sketch a landscape, schizzare un paesaggio
    2 delineare; descrivere per sommi capi; abbozzare; tratteggiare: to sketch a plan, abbozzare un piano
    B v. i.
    ( arte) fare schizzi; fare bozzetti
    ● to go ( out) sketching, andare a fare degli schizzi (spec. del paesaggio).
    * * *
    I [sketʃ]
    1) (drawing, draft) schizzo m.; (hasty outline) abbozzo m.
    2) (comic scene) sketch m.
    3) (brief account) profilo m., descrizione f. sommaria

    character sketch of sb. — = ritratto o descrizione sintetica di una persona

    II 1. [sketʃ]
    1) (make drawing of) schizzare; (hastily) abbozzare
    2) (describe briefly) descrivere sommariamente, delineare [ story]
    2.
    verbo intransitivo (as art, hobby) fare schizzi

    English-Italian dictionary > sketch

  • 8 Riley, James

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 1840 Halifax, England
    d. 15 July 1910 Harrogate, England
    [br]
    English steelmaker who promoted the manufacture of low-carbon bulk steel by the open-hearth process for tin plate and shipbuilding; pioneer of nickel steels.
    [br]
    After working as a millwright in Halifax, Riley found employment at the Ormesby Ironworks in Middlesbrough until, in 1869, he became manager of the Askam Ironworks in Cumberland. Three years later, in 1872, he was appointed Blast-furnace Manager at the pioneering Siemens Steel Company's works at Landore, near Swansea in South Wales. Using Spanish ore, he produced the manganese-rich iron (spiegeleisen) required as an additive to make satisfactory steel. Riley was promoted in 1874 to be General Manager at Landore, and he worked with William Siemens to develop the use of the latter's regenerative furnace for the production of open-hearth steel. He persuaded Welsh makers of tin plate to use sheets rolled from lowcarbon (mild) steel instead of from charcoal iron and, partly by publishing some test results, he was instrumental in influencing the Admiralty to build two naval vessels of mild steel, the Mercury and the Iris.
    In 1878 Riley moved north on his appointment as General Manager of the Steel Company of Scotland, a firm closely associated with Charles Tennant that was formed in 1872 to make steel by the Siemens process. Already by 1878, fourteen Siemens melting furnaces had been erected, and in that year 42,000 long tons of ingots were produced at the company's Hallside (Newton) Works, situated 8 km (5 miles) south-east of Glasgow. Under Riley's leadership, steelmaking in open-hearth furnaces was initiated at a second plant situated at Blochairn. Plates and sections for all aspects of shipbuilding, including boilers, formed the main products; the company also supplied the greater part of the steel for the Forth (Railway) Bridge. Riley was associated with technical modifications which improved the performance of steelmaking furnaces using Siemens's principles. He built a gasfired cupola for melting pig-iron, and constructed the first British "universal" plate mill using three-high rolls (Lauth mill).
    At the request of French interests, Riley investigated the properties of steels containing various proportions of nickel; the report that he read before the Iron and Steel Institute in 1889 successfully brought to the notice of potential users the greatly enhanced strength that nickel could impart and its ability to yield alloys possessing substantially lower corrodibility.
    The Steel Company of Scotland paid dividends in the years to 1890, but then came a lean period. In 1895, at the age of 54, Riley moved once more to another employer, becoming General Manager of the Glasgow Iron and Steel Company, which had just laid out a new steelmaking plant at Wishaw, 25 km (15 miles) south-east of Glasgow, where it already had blast furnaces. Still the technical innovator, in 1900 Riley presented an account of his experiences in introducing molten blast-furnace metal as feed for the open-hearth steel furnaces. In the early 1890s it was largely through Riley's efforts that a West of Scotland Board of Conciliation and Arbitration for the Manufactured Steel Trade came into being; he was its first Chairman and then its President.
    In 1899 James Riley resigned from his Scottish employment to move back to his native Yorkshire, where he became his own master by acquiring the small Richmond Ironworks situated at Stockton-on-Tees. Although Riley's 1900 account to the Iron and Steel Institute was the last of the many of which he was author, he continued to contribute to the discussion of papers written by others.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    President, West of Scotland Iron and Steel Institute 1893–5. Vice-President, Iron and Steel Institute, 1893–1910. Iron and Steel Institute (London) Bessemer Gold Medal 1887.
    Bibliography
    1876, "On steel for shipbuilding as supplied to the Royal Navy", Transactions of the Institute of Naval Architects 17:135–55.
    1884, "On recent improvements in the method of manufacture of open-hearth steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 2:43–52 plus plates 27–31.
    1887, "Some investigations as to the effects of different methods of treatment of mild steel in the manufacture of plates", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:121–30 (plus sheets II and III and plates XI and XII).
    27 February 1888, "Improvements in basichearth steel making furnaces", British patent no. 2,896.
    27 February 1888, "Improvements in regenerative furnaces for steel-making and analogous operations", British patent no. 2,899.
    1889, "Alloys of nickel and steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:45–55.
    Further Reading
    A.Slaven, 1986, "James Riley", in Dictionary of Scottish Business Biography 1860–1960, Volume 1: The Staple Industries (ed. A.Slaven and S. Checkland), Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 136–8.
    "Men you know", The Bailie (Glasgow) 23 January 1884, series no. 588 (a brief biography, with portrait).
    J.C.Carr and W.Taplin, 1962, History of the British Steel Industry, Harvard University Press (contains an excellent summary of salient events).
    JKA

    Biographical history of technology > Riley, James

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